Optical toy



(No Model.)

H. VAN HOEVENBERGH.

OPTICAL TOY.

Patented May 16, 1882] 3m.) a'wtoz N rams. Pham-Llllvogmpher. Washington, D. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC HENRY VAN HOEVENBERGH, OF ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY.

OPTICAL TOY.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 258,164, dated May 16, 1882.

Application filed April 7, 1882.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY VAN HOEVEN- BERGH, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Elizabeth, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Optical Toys, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of optical toys which depend for their action upon the well-known phenomenon technically termed persistance of vision, in which tt e impression of an object is maintained for a perceptible time upon the retina of the eye after the object itself has disappeared from view.

Myimprovement consists in the employment of a series of thin leaves of paper or other like material, and in placing upon each successive leaf a pictorial representation of some natural or artificial object, which object is repeated upon each successive leaf, but in a slightly different position. The superposed leaves, which are preferably but not necessarily of progressively varying lengths, are secured together at one of their edges bookwise, so that by holding the book thus formed by its clamped edge or back in the left hand, and bending itdownward with the right hand, and then allowing the separate leaves to resume their normal position in rapid succession, the same appearance is produced to the eye as it the object represented were in motion. In this manner a great number of amusing and instructive optical illusions may be produced.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1. is a perspective view of my invention, in which the manner of operating it is also shown. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the same. Figs.

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 represent examples of different leaves, showing the manner in which a single object is represented in a number of different positions, whereby the optical effect of motion may be produced.

In carrying out my invention I first take a sufllcient number of cards or parallelograms of moderately stiff paper, possessing a suflicient degree of resilience, which may be of any convenient size, say three by four inches or less.- A sufficient number of these cards, ordinarily, say, from thirty to fifty, are placed in a pack, one upon another, as best seen at A in Fig. 1.

(No model.)

ject; but this object is represented in a (lifl'erent position upon each card. For example, in Fig. 1 I have represented an object in the form of a wheel. Fig.2 shows the upper card of the pack, upon which the wheel D is represented as consisting of a circular rim, (I, crossed by a horizontal bar, 0, and a vertical bar, f. Fig. 3 represents a card taken from about the middle of the pack, in which the rim D occupies the same relative position upon the card, but the horizontal or vertical bars c and f are represented in an inclined position, as if the wheel had been turned a certain distance in the direction of the movements of the hands of a watch. The wheel is represented with the horizontal or upright bars in a position still more inclined in Fig. 4, which is the bottom card of the pack. The intermediate cards successively represent the wheel D in the various intermediate positions which it would necessarily assume in passing from the position shown in Fig. 2 to that shown in Fig. 3, and thence to that shown in Fig. 4. By grasping the pack firmly in thelefthaud at its clamped edge, as represented in Fig. l bendingit downward with the right hand, and finally allowing the free ends of the several cards, from the first to the last, to slip successively and rapidly from beneath the thumb ofthe right hand and to regain their normal position by virtue of their inherent resiliency, the pictorial representation of the wheel D will appear to the eye as if the same were revolving upon its axis, by reason of the persistence of the image of each successive card upon the eye, as hereinbetore explained.

In Figs. 5, 6, and 7 I have shown another example,in which the device is made to present IOC to the eye the illusion of a rapidly-approaching locomotive. The manner in which this is efl'eeted is precisely the same as in the first ease, and will be understood by reference to the said figures without; further explanation.

The cards may be secured together at one edge by sewing with cord or wire, or by any convenient device suitable for the purpose. It

is immaterial whether the cards are thus united by one of their longer or their shorter edges.

I claim as my invention- 1. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a series of leaves in which each successive leat'bears a pictorial represen ta tion of an object ina different position, and 

